When you sign up for a running race, it’s pretty simple: grab your shoes, your watch, and maybe a hydration vest and a bit of fuel, and off you go. Course marshals aren’t stopping you mid-course to check whether you have a triangular bandage in your first aid kit. You don’t need to create a gear closet, renovate your garage, or buy a new house to accommodate your growing gear collection.

At first, adventure racing can be daunting, as you realize that assembling and packing your gear for a race can take as long as the event itself.
 
But fear not! It’s not as bad as it seems, especially at the entry level. Here, we’ll consider the gear list for The Trilogy Adventure Race, a typical, beginner-friendly race hosted by the New York Adventure Racing Association. Below you will find the required gear list with some commentary concerning each item, what to consider when tackling your first race as it pertains to equipment, and an explanation for why an RD would require something you might not have or think you need.
 
*This article is not intended to do a deep dive on specific gear or promote any specific companies. There are plenty of gear reviews, comparisons, and reports out there. For additional ideas on gear, join online discussion boards such as the Adventure Race Discussion Group for community feedback.
 

​Example Gear list from:
The Trilogy Adventure Race, hosted by NYARA -
equipment provided by NYARA

• Kayaks: Sit-on-top tandem kayaks or canoes will be provided 

• Paddles and PFDs: provided for those racers who do not bring their own

• Race Maps and Passport

• Race Numbers and/or Bibs to be displayed as directed by Race Organization.

Example Required Items (Personal)

​Whistle: accessible at all times, including while wearing PFD

Some people buy surprisingly expensive whistles, but a simple $2 athletic whistle will do. It should be noted that after being exposed to a fair bit water, these cheaper whistles don’t always work…so there is that…but at a beginner race, it will be fine. Also be aware that many outdoor-focused backpack companies integrate whistles into their sternum straps and clips, so you may be all set without realizing it. For paddling, there are slightly more expensive whistles that are made specifically for wet environments. A cheap one may still suffice, but make sure you replace it as needed. Whistles are an absolutely crucial piece of safety equipment, and a couple of bucks is worth it if you are in need of help.

​Working headlamp

​It’s not uncommon to see shorter, daytime races still require this piece of gear. If a team becomes lost or injured and misses the race cutoff, they could easily find themselves out on the course after dark. If the race isn’t designed to have you out at night, a really basic light will do. You won’t be racing if you need it, so a simple $20-30 headlamp should be fine to help you see your way back to the finish. Once you get into longer races, you will want to do some research and find a higher-powered light. It makes an immense difference when traveling and navigating in the dark.

​Sufficient clothing for race-day weather

Plenty of RDs get specific here. Be smart and know your body. Thermal protection is crucial. It may save your life, and even if the race conditions are not that extreme, I’ve seen more teams drop out of events due to cold weather, adverse weather conditions, and cold-related injury than anything else in AR. You might have to carry an extra pound or so, but if it means safer and more comfortable racing and an official finish to the event, it’s worth it. Do your homework, ditch the cotton, and be prepared. For most short races, this is not as significant of a consideration.

​Space blanket

​Costs $3-4. Hopefully, you’ll never use it, and in short races it’s highly unlikely you’ll even think of it. Like the whistle, it’s a super cheap investment but perhaps the most important one you will make in AR. Even in mild weather, if you get injured or stuck in the woods and are forced to wait for assistance, hypothermia is a real concern. A space blanket might be the difference between an uncomfortable wait and a major health crisis. Oh, and they really don’t weigh anything either. Beware: racers tend to buy them and then not use them (thankfully!). Ten years later, they open them up one cold night in a longer event and find that they have disintegrated into useless scraps. No need to replace them every year, but they do degrade.

Food & hydration for the duration of the event

​Personal taste. Whatever works. You’ll need to plan differently for a short race vs. a long one, and this topic deserves an entire series of articles itself. For your first race, grab some basics. Ideally food that is light, calorically dense, and which provides a balance of protein, carbs, electrolytes…and ideally some flavor. Make sure to select something that you'll be able to get down throughout the race. 

Example Required Items (Team)

Compass

​Don’t go into a race with one of those tiny five-dollar key chain compasses. Get a solid one from a reputable company. Navigation is arguably the most important skill in AR, aside from teamwork. You don’t want to be relying on a compass that points you in the wrong direction. On the other hand, no need to buy some super fancy, expedition-style compass. A basic, reliable baseplate compass will do. And even more important, make sure you know how to use it with a map! 

Knife

​Some races have a required blade length, though I have never seen anyone measure. Most experienced racers race with a locking single-blade tool (rather than a swiss army-style knife). You want something that can cut, slice, or pry. You’ll have a bike-specific tool with various other useful tools. A two-inch blade or so tends to fulfill the requirement of most RDs. Feel free just to grab the old swiss army though when you begin (though be careful if it doesn’t lock)!

​First Aid Kit (Recommend Adventure Medical Kit .7 or equivalent)

As noted here, many racers start with a pre-built first aid kit from a company like Adventure Medical Kit. But note that many RDs have very specific requirements for first aid kits, and many experienced racers tend to build their own kits. Whatever works. As is true with bike repair, it’s just as important to know how to treat people with first aid issues as it is to have the right supplies, so it’s a good idea to have someone on the team with first aid training!

Cell Phone – fully charged and in watertight bag/container

Someone on your team probably has one of these…the more important thing is keeping it dry! RDs may have different rules in terms of how accessible the phone can be during the event.

Water purification tablets or means to filter water (enough for the entire event)​

Most outdoor stores sell small bottles of iodine pills or other chemical-based tablets. Some people also prefer racing with filter-based systems. Whatever works. Often, you can find water in TAs or out on the course (many adventure racers have stopped in a friendly local’s driveway to use a garden hose) and avoid the chemicals and taste, but you do need to be prepared as AR is generally a self-supported sport.

Example Mountain Biking Personal Mandatory Equipment:
​Mountain Bike (cyclocross/gravel bikes not permitted)

​This is the standard requirement in most adventure races. If you are starting out, a really basic bike will do just fine, but ideally, use a bike meant for trails (i.e., one with a front shock, and bigger tires!). Mountain bikes are likely the biggest potential investment you will make, but don’t dive in with the nicest bike on the block. Test the sport out on whatever is in your garage (assuming it passes as a mountain bike), borrow a bike from a friend (though be prepared to get it fixed if you damage it), or consider renting one for your first race. Get some experience and do your homework before investing significant money in a new bike.

​ANSI/Snell or CPSC-approved biking helmet with chin strap

​Pretty simple. Wear a helmet. If you mountain bike enough, you’ll need it at some point. As above, no need to buy the nicest one out there. A basic helmet will do, but get one designed for biking. And one that fits.

Rear-mounted red tail light with sufficient battery power to last the duration required

$10 or so at your local bike shop should do it. You can get fancy ones that charge with a USB cable and break triple digits, but it’s just not necessary. That said, do look for one that is actually sealed from the elements, especially the battery compartment.

Bike repair kit (Recommend multi tool, tire levers, tubes, patch kit, pump, CO2 cartridges, quick links, etc.)

​This one is worth putting some effort into as a damaged bike is one of the more frustrating issues teams confront in AR. At a minimum, carry a tube or two - even if you're running tubeless tires - some tire levers, and a pump. For shorter events, flat tires are most likely the only issue you will deal with, but you never know. Just as important as the equipment is the knowledge of how to change a flat, fix a broken chain, etc. No need for the fanciest bike tool out there, but be prepared to fix the basics!

Example recommended/Suggested Gear (Not Mandatory) 

​Gear Bin

This Can be recommended/not-required in smaller/shorter races but tends to be required for longer 15+ hour events if the race organizers intend to transport some of your equipment for you from one TA to the next. You can find these bins at any standard store or online retailers.

Bike Odometer

​Doesn’t have to be fancy, but a simple bike odometer allows you to track your distance and better navigate while biking. No experienced team will be caught without one. Most teams will have more than one in case someone’s fails (because one always seems to fail). Make sure it’s in fine working order and that it is set for your bike tire diameter! Basic bike computers typically start around $30-40, and keep in mind that you generally are not allowed to use devices with GPS. So, don’t bother looking at the ones with all the bells and whistles.

Altimeter

​A good altimeter is a significant investment, and I wouldn’t recommend it unless you know you will be racing regularly. This said, an altimeter allows you to dial in your altitude, which can come in handy in big terrain. They are more useful in events with significant elevation change and rarely useful in a beginner-level race. This is one piece of gear that correlates with cost: don’t skimp if you decide to get one. Many cheaper options are not reliable and can make navigating even harder if they aren’t accurate.

​Waterproof Map Case

​While rarely a mandatory piece of gear, it should be. Rule #1…or 1A, depending on who you ask: keep your maps dry. Wet maps equal ruined maps, and ruined maps won’t help you find your way to the finish line. Be aware that some map cases are not actually sealed (so that they can drain) and you need to use some sort of Ziploc-style bag with it. If you want to save some money, use an oversized Ziploc to keep your maps dry.

Duct Tape

A small spool of it will do. Or wrap some duct tape around a pen or something similar to create your own spool if you only have a big roll. It might not fix everything, but every adventure racer has a great duct tape story.

​Writing utensils, highlighters, markers

Many races require that you carry a pen. You may need to record something while on course, amend a map, or write down some instructions along the way. Make sure you bring a pen that works when wet. Sharpies are not as useful as you’d think. I’ve found that a simple ballpoint style pen works just fine.

Camera

​Having the ability to take a picture if there is a missing CP is handy. Some like to take pics of their maps in case one goes missing or is damaged beyond use. It’s also just nice to create some memories! Remember, typically your phone will be inaccessible during a race, so you'll want to have a separate camera handy for use on course (and ideally one that's appropriate for the rugged conditions!).

Backpack

Many races require this, but teams get creative when it’s not required. Sometimes one teammate carries a bigger pack and hauls all the team gear, allowing other racers to race with smaller packs, hydration packs, or no packs at all. Obviously, you want to be able to carry your gear. A simple day pack will do just fine for your first race. No need to go out and buy an ultralight, expensive pack for your first race!

Dry Bag

Keeping important gear like clothes, a first aid kit, and a cell phone dry is crucial. If you don’t have a dry bag, a secure trash bag will work. That said, if you expect to swim, be careful if you don’t have a true dry bag. Also, be aware that ultralight drybags may be light, but they often are not as dry as they seem!

Sunscreen

For a shorter event, just put some on to start. It’s not a bad idea to carry a small tube or two for reapplication in a longer one.

Epi-Pen

If you know you are at risk for serious allergic reactions, don’t mess around. Carry it. And make sure your teammates are aware. An allergic reaction to a bee sting while bushwhacking off-trail can be a life-and-death situation. Be prepared, and make sure your teammates are too.

Additional clothing as necessary

​While many skimp on clothes, be smart. It’s worth some extra weight if the conditions are hostile. Especially in longer events, heat and cold exposure are two of the primary obstacles that prevent teams from finishing. More experienced racers have a better sense of their limits and what to do if they run into issues, so when you start out be conservative. 

Example Forbidden Items

Weapons (except for the mandatory team knife)

Just not necessary!

G.P.S. used for navigation

GPS can change the nature of navigation and is a serious violation of the spirit of AR. Be aware that any device with GPS ability, especially those with screens, are generally off limits. If you want to use a device such as a GPS watch for the sake of tracking your route for later download, you may be permitted to use it but must discuss this with the organization BEFORE the race. Ask the RD of your chosen event for their specific policies on this.

Night Vision Goggles

I’ve never seen or heard of anyone trying to use them, but don’t bring them! It’s more enjoyable being out in the woods with a headlamp anyway.

Unauthorized communications devices

​Generally, your phones should be off and sometimes even sealed in your dry bag. Any outside help is typically grounds for disqualification.

​Step counters/Pedometers

​There is big debate on this one since bike odometers are allowed. Mixed opinions, but generally, this sort of electronic assistance is only allowed on bikes.

Any mode of transportation other than those authorized by the Race Organization

Speaks for itself: while some races allow for some creativity, it’s usually pretty straight forward: run or walk on a foot section. Bike or push your bike on a bike section, and paddle, carry, or drag your boat when paddling…Nothing else! If you are looking for motorized assistance or to avoid these core sports, you probably are looking at the wrong type of race.

Any equipment modifications or changes will be communicated as soon as practicable or at the event to ensure that all teams are prepared on race day. There will be mandatory gear checks along the race-course and penalties issued to teams unable to produce required gear.

​When in doubt, ask. Starting the event with a questionable gear decision will almost assuredly result in a penalty or DQ. Don’t risk it unless you know it fits within the parameters of the rules.

Additional Gear Considerations
While the above list represents a typical beginner race, here are some additional items commonly found on a simple gear list. Twelve-hour and even 24-hour events might require a bit more than what is covered in this article, but not much. Expeditions will increase the requirements.

​Rain jacket/pants, taped seams

It’s the taped seam bit that gets people, but they are important. Taped seams help make the gear more waterproof. Cheap rain gear without taped seams are more prone to leaking. That said, don’t break the bank here, and don’t bring a super nice, expensive rain jacket out into the race. You’ll likely be bushwhacking, and tearing a $400 jacket isn’t going to make you happy. Also, recognize that between rain and sweat, you won’t stay dry during an AR. The jacket often is more for thermal protection than for actually keeping you dry and cozy. Think functional…without being too heavy.

Protective eyewear

​Some RDs require this. Seems silly, but crashing through dense underbrush brings the chance of a good poke in the eye. And poke it the wrong way…you get the point. As noted with the raincoat, don’t bring a $200 pair of sunglasses out into the woods. You’ll be bummed when they disappear. A $10-20 pair from Target will work. Some racers prefer to wear clear lenses to protect their eyes without the effects of tinting.

Fleece/wool hat

Just make sure it’s synthetic. I’m sure you learned somewhere that you lose a ton of heat from your head. Basic safety and comfort in colder races (or overnight in a warmer one).

Lighter

​​A cheap gas-station lighter will suffice. A timely fire to rewarm has saved many racers from bowing out of the event when you get just a bit too wet and cold to continue.

​UTM plotting tool

Some RDs still require teams to plot checkpoint coordinates onto maps. Before the race, make sure you learn UTM plotting; and you will need a tool such as the one pictured and described here.
​

​​Bike lock

Usually a recommendation, but some RDs specifically list a lock. This is more for your peace of mind than anything else. Unless racing in an urban area, this is a very low concern for most racers. You can buy a lightweight cable lock if you care about weight. In some races, you might find yourself dropping your bikes out on course for a while to find a checkpoint. In such instances, you probably will be remote enough that you can just move them off the trail and safely leave them.

​Glow sticks

Mostly for paddling, this is a basic safety requirement for paddling at night. Usually, teams are required to attach glow sticks to their boats and PFDs. They can also work well as emergency rear bike lights if a rear light stops working (and, like odometers, someone's rear light always seems to stop working...).

Strobe

Not as common to see on a list, but you will find some overnight races requiring a strobe for safety while paddling at night. Strobes are used as emergency beacons when there is a real problem requiring rescue.

Every race is different, and every RD publishes their own required gear list. A race in a cold environment will demand different (and likely more) equipment than one in a warm-weather climate. A six-hour sprint race will generally require less gear than a 24-hour one. There is no doubt that the more you race and the longer the events you compete in, the more gear you will have to accumulate. In addition, to some degree the quality of gear plays a role in how competitive you can be. Top teams have invested significantly in lighter gear that allows them to travel lighter, be more efficient, move faster, and preserve their bodies for longer.
 
That said, as noted above, when starting out, you can get creative and likely dig something out of a closet or borrow something to keep costs low. When you are ready to commit to the sport long-term, start thinking about investing in better gear and then prioritize your needs, budget for bigger purchases, and take advantage of holiday wish-lists. Most experienced racers accumulate gear over the course of years. Few are taking out a second mortgage to upgrade or buy everything all at once. And plenty of seasoned vets will also tell you that the most expensive, lightest, high-end piece of gear is not necessarily what you want or need for this sport in the first place.